1876 presidential election

Explore a summary of the presidential election of 1876, the issues of the election being too . Tilden had 18 more electoral votes than Hayes, but if the 19 from South Carolina, Louisiana and Florida were secured by the Republicans, Hayes would win by one vote, 185 to 184. In these last days before the 2020 presidential election, . Western distillers had been flagrantly evading Federal taxes, and Grant’s own private secretary, General Babcock, was implicated. Samuel J. Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165, with 20 votes uncounted. Its first national nominating convention was held in Indianapolis in the spring of 1876. His vote began to slide after the second ballot, however, as many Republicans feared that Blaine could not win the general election. Found insideThe third volume of Gore Vidal's magnificent series of historical novels aimed at demythologizing the American past, 1876 chronicles the political scandals and dark intrigues that rocked the United States in its centennial year. The next time those two states voted against the Democrats was when they supported the "Dixiecrat" candidate Strom Thurmond in 1948. His brilliant grasp of political matters brought him to the attention of Democratic leaders who sought his counsel. Even cool heads discussed the possibility of the National Guard, under the command of Democratic Governors in most states, marching on Washington to install Tilden by force, if necessary. The fury of the South was matched by its Democratic allies in the North. In December 1876 the House and Senate passed resolutions creating a fifteen man Electoral Commission charged with resolving the electoral crisis. Answer at once.’ Reid was astounded. The Hayes-Tilden Election of 1876: A Disputed Presidential Election in the Gilded Age. On the Republican side, one inspired person devised ‘little jokers’. It's Time to Fix the Law That Led to the Capitol Riot An obscure 1887 law intended to resolve disputed presidential elections instead gave . Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin Bristow, Governor John F. Hartranft of Pennsylvania, Ambassador Elihu B. Washburne from Illinois, RepresentativeWilliam A. Wheeler from New York, Secretary of StateHamilton Fish from New York(declined to run), President Ulysses S. Grant[4][5] (declined in 1875). One month later it was James G. Blaine’s turn to embarrass the Administration. The third man was the Democratic Attorney General. The candidates were a reform-minded Democrat and a Reconstructionist Republican. The 1872 United States presidential election was the 22nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1872.Despite a split in the Republican Party, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democratic-endorsed Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley.The election is notable for being the only presidential election in which a major party nominee died during the election . Although it is not disputed that Tilden outpolled Hayes in the popular vote, after a first count of votes, Tilden had won 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes from four states unresolved: in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, each party reported its candidate had won the state, while in Oregon, one elector was replaced after being declared illegal for being an "elected or appointed official". Explanation: The presidential election of 1876 resulted in the election of the Republican Rutherford B. An informal deal was struck to resolve the dispute: the Compromise of 1877, which awarded all 20 electoral votes to Hayes; in return for the Democrats conceding to Hayes' election, the Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.[2]. and the Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction in the former Confederacy.The results of the "Compromise of 1877" were a total abandonment of the process of reforming the South . The returns accepted by the Commission put Hayes' margin of victory in South Carolina at 889 votes, the second-closest popular vote margin in a decisive state in U.S. history, after the election of 2000, which was decided by 537 votes in Florida: in 2000, the margin of victory in the Electoral College for George W. Bush was five votes, as opposed to Hayes' one vote. William A. Wheeler was nominated for vice-president by a much larger margin (366–89) over his chief rival, Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, who later served as a member of the electoral commission that awarded the election to Hayes. Grant's inner circle advised him to go for a third term and he almost did, but on 15 December 1875, the House, by a sweeping 233 to 18 vote, passed a resolution declaring that the two-term tradition was to prevent a dictatorship. [15] These electors, each one getting 50 votes in the legislature to Tilden's slate's 24, gave their three votes to Hayes and the Republican Party. The Republican platform called for the continued control of the South, civil service reform, and investigation of the effects of Oriental immigration. The Prohibition Party, in its second national convention in Cleveland, nominated Green Clay Smith as its presidential candidate and Gideon T. Stewart as its vice-presidential candidate. In return, the South presumably agreed not to take reprisals against African-Americans or carpetbag officials. Properties worth thousands of dollars were sold for a few hundred and Federal Treasury agents laid claim to supposedly abandoned land. Facing an unprecedented constitutional crisis, the Congress of the United States passed a law on January 29, 1877, that formed a 15-member Electoral Commission to settle the result. The two Republican electors presented a certificate signed by the secretary of state of Oregon, while Cronin and the two electors he appointed (Cronin voted for Tilden while his associates voted for Hayes) presented a certificate signed by the governor and attested by the secretary of state. This page was last edited on 3 September 2021, at 02:39. Our Campaigns. With electoral votes disputed in three states, a Democrat winning the popular vote, and the Supreme Court stepping in to overrule Florida court decisions, the presidential election of 1876 was an eerie precursor to that of 2000. Each state has as many "electors" in the Electoral College as it has Representatives . While the war still raged he was elected to Congress. Peter Cooper was nominated for president with 352 votes to 119 for three other contenders. No antebellum slave state would be carried by a Republican again until the 1896 realignment that saw William McKinley carry Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia and Kentucky. The resultant fury at this action was compounded when the Republican canvassing board ensured the certification of Hayes’ electors. To date, it remains the election that recorded the smallest electoral vote victory (185–184), and the election that yielded the highest voter turnout of the eligible voting age population in American history, at 81.8%. This feeling had no bearing on his fundamental loyalty to the Union, and once the war began he had urged the quick suppression of the Confederacy. While this is always true to some extent, there are times when it is true to a critical extent. Of the Supreme Court justices, two Republicans and two Democrats were chosen, with the fifth to be selected by these four. He had later been brevetted as a Major General. Found insideIn reviewing Gresham's conduct of foreign affairs, Charles W. Calhoun disputes the widely held view that he was an economic expansionist who paved the way for imperialism. In 1876 Rutherford Hayes was nominated as the Republican presidential candidate. One of only 5 elections (1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, 2016) where the popular vote winner was defeated. The Democrats claimed fraud, while suppressed excitement pervaded the country. At the same time, Republican headquarters proclaimed Hayes’ election. 1876 Election Facts. It was widely assumed during the year 1875 that incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant would run for a third term as president in spite of the poor economic conditions, the numerous political scandals that had developed since he assumed office in 1869, and a long-standing tradition set by the first president, George Washington, not to stay in office longer than two terms. [25] Hayes is also the only Republican president elected without carrying Indiana. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. During the Civil War, Hayes rose to the rank of brevet major-general of volunteers, participated in many actions and was severely wounded. The key to the plot’s success lay in the state canvassing boards. Both parties claimed victory in those states, but Republican-controlled "returning . Electoral college win popular vote lost US Presidents.png 792 × 567; 19 KB. Editor's Note: Roy Morris Jr. is a contributing editor for MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History and the author of nine books, including a definitive history of the 1876 Presidential election, Fraud of the Century: Rutherford B. Hayes, Samuel Tilden, and the Stolen Election of 1876, in which portions of this essay first appeared. The Compromise of 1877 was an off-the-record deal, struck between Republicans and Democrats, that determined the victor of the 1876 presidential election. The grip of Radical Republican power was fading. After President Ulysses S. Grant declined to seek a third term despite previously being expected to do so, Congressman James G. Blaine emerged as the front-runner for the Republican nomination. It was one of the most contentious presidential elections in American history and its resolution involved negotiations and compromise between the Republicans and Democrats. Anti-Blaine delegates could not agree on a candidate until Blaine's total rose to 41% on the sixth ballot. Number of votes cast in presidential elections is published by the U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election for various years starting with 1920. ", Hayes was a virtual unknown outside his home state of Ohio, where he had served two terms as a Congressman and then two terms as governor. It declared the first day of the week to be a day of rest for the United States. I am of the opinion that the Democrats have carried the country and elected Tilden.’ A few weeks later, however, he changed his mind: ‘I have no doubt that we are justly and legally entitled to the Presidency.’. Instead, Tilden said: ‘It is what I expected.’. Who would succeed him and how would it be done? This book examines the gubernatorial election of 1876, in which the state's most celebrated Civil War general created a united front in the Democratic Party and wrested control of politics from the Republicans. But they had to have Florida or Tilden would win by 188 to 181. The Democrats had no problem in devising their campaign strategy. Indeed, Grant displayed an almost incredible loyalty to dubious colleagues during his Presidency. History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives, “The Electoral Vote Count of the 1876 Presidential Election,” https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-electoral-vote-count-of-the-1876-presidential-election/ Four months after the bitterly contested election in 1876, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes emerged with a one-vote victory in the Electoral College. In one shameful tactic, the Democrats tried to distribute ballots with the Republican emblem prominently displayed over the names of Democratic candidates. The Last Lincoln Republican is an up-to-date biography of James Garfield and the story of his election in 1880 as President. (February 10, 2012). When New York finally fell into Tilden’s camp, Hayes admitted defeat to those around him and went to bed. If he claimed that the will of the American people had been frustrated by partisan duplicity and fraud, then America faced civil war. The 1876 United States presidential election was the 23rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1876, in which Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes faced Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. Amidst accusations of fraud and illicit deal-making, Rutherford B. Hayes triumphed over Samuel J. Tilden, and the result was the most disputed . This allegation reflected the presence of Congressmen who had fought for the Confederacy. According to one historian, "[n]o one, perhaps not even Davis himself, knew which presidential candidate he preferred. 1876 United States House of Representatives Elections in Michigan at popflock.com Due to the presence of Federal troops and officials in positions of power, Ulysses S. Grant was able to carry eight southern states for the Republican Party in the Presidential election of 1868. Even politically apathetic citizens came out for Hayes or Tilden with great enthusiasm. His Democratic Party opponent, Samuel Tilden, also had an impressive background, and during the election the Republican supporting Thomas Nast, produced a series of . For the results of the previous election, see United States presidential election of 1872. In an auditorium jammed with 5,000 people, Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York scored a landslide victory on the second ballot. He had served in the Civil War with distinction as colonel of the 23rd Ohio Regiment and was wounded several times, which made him marketable to veterans. Five thousand people jammed the auditorium in St. Louis with hopes for the Democratic Party's first presidential victory in 20 years. Of course, all of the boards were Republican and backed by Federal troops. The platform supported the Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution, international arbitration, the reading of the scriptures in public schools, specie payments, justice for Native Americans, abolition of the Electoral College, and prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages. Thus, Florida’s key electoral votes went to Hayes. Fortunately, there were men of influence on both sides who saw that a peaceful solution was absolutely mandatory. In this election, the Republican Party nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, an Ohioan, while the Democratic Party ran Samuel Tilden, a New Yorker. [13][14] They saw themselves as the military wing of the Democratic Party. Considered one of the most controversial presidential elections in U.S. history, the 1876 election was finally resolved with the Compromise of 1877, ending Reconstruction. Presidential election of 1876 is considered one of the closest election races in the United States. The initial returns pointed to a Tilden victory, as the Democrats . Recognising that public attention had to be focused on something other than the Administration’s record, Blaine attacked the South and stirred up fears of a new war. A Democratic candidate had emerged with the lead in the popular vote, but 19 electoral votes from four states were in dispute. [23] As all the remaining available justices were Republicans, the four justices already selected chose Justice Joseph P. Bradley, who was considered the most impartial remaining member of the court. For that matter, the South and its Democratic friends in the North already held a powerful sword over the head of the United States Army. This election was acquired only after a very important litigation, which almost led to a constitutional impasse. To aid illiterate voters the parties would print symbols on the tickets, and in this election, many Democratic ballots were printed with the Republican symbol, Abraham Lincoln, on them. In this major work of popular history and scholarship, acclaimed historian and biographer Roy Morris, Jr., tells the extraordinary story of how, in America's centennial year, the presidency was stolen, the Civil War was almost reignited, ... One county (0.04%) in Nevada split evenly between Tilden and Hayes. The Ultimate American Presidential Election Book: Every Presidential Election in American History (1788-2020) is now available! In the 1876 election the Republicans carried the election with 1 electoral vote, however, Republican Hayes lost the popular vote to Democratic Tilden. The Department of Politics and Government of Rippon College presents a biographical sketch of the 19th U.S. President Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822-1893). [1][3] Despite not becoming president, Tilden was the first Democratic presidential nominee since James Buchanan in 1856 to win the popular vote and the first since Franklin Pierce in 1852 to do so in an outright majority (in fact, Tilden received a slightly higher percentage than Pierce in 1852, despite the fact that Pierce won in a landslide). In this election, the Republican Party nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, an Ohioan, while the Democratic Party ran Samuel Tilden, a New Yorker. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. During the actual election campaign, all three states witnessed a wide variety of attempts by both sides to cow voters and fraud was rampant. Corruption was the issue and the Democratic Party promised reform. It was an unthinkable prospect. Rather than remove Belknap from his post, Grant merely accepted the cabinet member’s resignation. 1. Once again, the canvassing board held the decision in its hands. Even the militantly Republican New York Tribune conceded the election. Oregon's . Senator Roscoe Conkling of New York described this route as a ‘Hell-gate paved and honeycombed with dynamite’. However, Blaine was unable to win a majority at the 1876 Republican National Convention, which settled on Governor Hayes of Ohio as a compromise candidate. The results of the 1876 US presidential election remain among the most disputed ever. [21] Bradley then joined the other seven Republican committee members in a series of 8–7 votes that gave all 20 disputed electoral votes to Hayes, giving Hayes a 185–184 electoral vote victory; the commission adjourned on March 2. Hayes' most important asset was his help to the Republican ticket in carrying the crucial swing state of Ohio. The York view: Drawing lessons for today from the controversial 1876 presidential election. Democrats, claiming dishonesty by the canvassing boards, were certifying their own electors by whatever legal or quasi-legal means they could. The Republican members claimed that the legal state authorities had filed legitimate certificates and Congress had no power to interfere. Source: Official proceedings of the National Democratic convention, held in St. Louis, Mo., June 27th, 28th and 29th, 1876 (September 3, 2012). Threats were even muttered that Hayes would never be inaugurated: in Columbus, Ohio, a shot was fired at Governor Hayes' residence as he sat down to dinner. "[22] President Grant quietly strengthened the military force in and around Washington.[21]. After Tuesday's election in which Democratic contender Joe Biden leads President Donald Trump, there is no . Tilden won the popular vote and led in the electoral college, but 19 votes from three Republican-controlled states (Louisiana, Florida, and South Carolina) remained disputed. Politics, however, fascinated him and his father fostered that interest. Tilden won the popular vote by 250,000 votes, but a dispute arose in the Electoral College. Congress then set up a commission to determine how the . United States presidential election of 1876, disputed American presidential election held on November 7, 1876, in which Republican Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden.Tilden led Hayes by more than 260,000 popular votes, and preliminary returns showed Tilden with 184 electoral votes (one shy of the majority needed to win the election) to Hayes's 165, with the 19 electoral . Search our huge inventory of over 9,000 political campaign and collectible items, including campaign buttons, posters, election merchandise, campaign pinback buttons, and inaugural merchandise. It was, after all, the centenary of American independence. In four years of grim fighting the troops of both sides had developed a respect for each other, a bond of harsh experiences mutually endured. Upon his defeat, Tilden said, "I can retire to public life with the consciousness that I shall receive from posterity the credit of having been elected to the highest position in the gift of the people, without any of the cares and responsibilities of the office.". According to the commission's rulings, of the 2,249 counties and independent cities making returns, Tilden won in 1,301 (57.85%) while Hayes carried only 947 (42.11%). Fraudulent voters of the presidential election in custody at the United States Circuit Court, . Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy. Preliminary returns showed Tilden had 184 electoral votes - just one short of the 185 majority . In the unctuous, patronizing style he is famous for, Mr. Cruz cited the aftermath of the 1876 presidential election between Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden. (September 3, 2012). The House would then immediately adjourn to its own chambers where Speaker Samuel Randall would declare no electoral majority and throw the election into a vote by each state delegation in the House. Both sides mounted mud-slinging campaigns, with Democratic attacks on Republican corruption being countered by Republicans raising the Civil War issue, a tactic ridiculed by Democrats who called it "waving the bloody shirt". The 1876 election is the second of five presidential elections in which the person who won the most popular votes did not win the election, but the only such election in which the popular vote winner received a majority (rather than a plurality) of the popular vote. "[22] Just as the Electoral Commission Bill was passing Congress, the legislature of Illinois elected Davis to the Senate, and Democrats in the Illinois legislature believed that they had purchased Davis' support by voting for him. The Greenbacks' best showings were in Kansas, where Cooper earned just over six percent of the vote, and Indiana, where he earned 17,207 votes, far exceeding Tilden's roughly 5,500-vote margin of victory over Hayes in that state. The results are felt to this day. This is the story of one of the most shameful events in U.S. history. The 1876 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election.Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.. Vermont voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. In the centenary year of the Declaration of Independence, a deeply troubled American Republic went to the polls to elect a new president. But on polling day, November 7th, calm prevailed as people made their way to voting centres. The prelude to the election in South Carolina was a bloody affair. When the Senate refused the clause, the House simply adjourned and left the Army without funds to pay soldiers. The question of who should have been awarded these electoral votes is the source of the continued controversy. Perhaps more significant, the immediate post-war zeal in the North for African-American welfare had diminished. Instead of dissociating himself from Babcock, Grant leaped to his defence. 1876 paper lantern ($285) This paper lantern, emblazoned with "Hayes and Wheeler" and set aglow by a candle in a metal candleholder, once lit the Republican campaign trail. Although 1876 marked the last competitive two-party election in the South before Democratic dominance of the South through 1948 and of the border states through 1896, it was also the last presidential election (as of 2020) in which the Democrats won the pro-Union counties of Mitchell in North Carolina,[24] Wayne and Henderson in Tennessee, and Lewis County, Kentucky. After the decision, Tilden commented: ‘I can retire to private life with the consciousness that I shall receive from posterity the credit for having been elected to the highest position in the gift of the people, without any of the cares.’ That summer he sailed for Europe for a year’s vacation. Using the strategy of the Mississippi Plan, these groups actively suppressed black and white Republican voter turnouts by disrupting meetings and rallies and even using violence and intimidation. That year, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes trailed Democrat Samuel Tilden by 19 electoral votes (and 3 percent of the popular vote), but 20 . At the end of election day, no clear winner emerged because the outcomes in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana were unclear. Source: Official proceedings of the National Democratic convention, held in St. Louis, Mo., June 27th, 28th and 29th, 1876. © Copyright 2021 History Today Ltd. Company no. Though it was nearly 150 years ago, the outcome of the 1876 presidential election—which pitted Rutherford B. Hayes against Samuel Tilden—reverberates in America even today. In a joint session of Congress on March 2, 1877 Hayes and Wheeler were declared elected as President and Vice President. Florida was the most critical problem. The justices first selected a political independent, Justice David Davis. The racist roots of 'bulldozer, "COUNTING THE VOTE: THE HISTORY; President Tilden? Welcome: Colorado becomes a state during this election cycle. These 20 electoral votes . Certain Republicans held that the power to count the votes lay with the President of the Senate, the House and Senate being mere spectators; the Democrats objected to this construction, since the Republican President of the Senate, Thomas W. Ferry, could then count the votes of the disputed states for Hayes. In two southern states, the governor recognized by the United States had signed the Republican certificates: the Democratic certificates from Florida were signed by the state attorney-general and the newly elected Democratic governor, those from Louisiana were signed by the Democratic gubernatorial candidate, and those from South Carolina by no state official, with the Tilden electors claiming that they were chosen by the popular vote and were rejected by the state election board.[21]. In a complete travesty of integrity, the board voted for Hayes by virtue of its Republican majority. It took 115 days for him to be confirmed the winner. Part of the state of Ohio on three separate occasions and put through a number of slave... Published in history Today Volume 20 Issue 11 November 1970 elected to Congress unanimously nominated Charles Francis for... Indiana and New Jersey went to Hayes reform and an end to Reconstruction were... 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